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Henry Orson Wheeler was born on October 7, 1841, in Williston, Vermont.
He was a lawyer and superintendent of schools. He graduated from the University of Vermont in 1867 and studied law at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. He practiced law in Fort Dodge and Washington, Iowa, before returning to Vermont in 1871, settling in Burlington. In 1880, he was elected Superintendent of Burlington schools, a position he held until 1912. He served as treasurer of the University of Vermont (1882-1892) and justice of the peace. He was a member of Vermont State Teachers' Association, American Institute of Instruction, and the Sons of American Revolution. Wheeler was also a veteran of the Civil War (1861-1865). H. O. Wheeler School in Burlington, Vermont, is named in his honour.
In 1871, he married Elizabeth Lavina Martin (1848–1934). He died on July 17, 1918, in San Dimas, California.
Letter from H.O. Wheeler to John William Dawson, written from Burlington.