Page 2 - Caffeyer

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Caffeyer

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CA RBD 4-2

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  • 5 November 1775 (Creation)

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1 illustration : pencil on paper with watercolour and gouache ; 32.9 x 42.9 cm

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Illustration of Coffea (Coffea arabica); in French, Caféier; in Haitian Creole, Kafe. Place of creation: au Cap [Cap-Haïtien]. Specimen origin: Cap [Cap-Haïtien].

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      General note

      Watermarks: Strasbourg lily (full).

      General note

      Inscription (transcribed from recto): No. 13.

      General note

      Inscription (from recto; translation): No. 13.

      General note

      Inscription (transcribed from verso): une Branche de Caffeyer, ou Caffier, avec sa feüille sa fleur et son fruit, fait au Cap le 5 9bre 1775 Rabié Grand. Nat. / No. 2 / une Branche de caféyer, avec sa feuille, et son fruit, (le café), en fleur et en maturité, grandeur naturelle. Le fruit renferme une graine oblongue divisée en deux lobes, qui, dégagés de la pulpe et séchés, sont le café en grains. Les jeunes arbres ont souvent, surtout à L’extrémité des branches, des fruits qui ne renferment qu’une graine oblongue sans être divisée. on prétend que ces grains entiers donnent un café meilleur; Les deux lobes de la graine reproduisent chacun un caféyer. La graine est entourée d’une pulpe douceatre, dont on ne fait aucun usage, et sous cette pulpe, d’une pellicule ou parchemin on prépare La graine de plusieurs manieres. La premiere qui est la plus simple mais aussi la plus longue consiste à étendre Le café cueilli quand il est mur, sur de grands glacis revêtus de ciment et recevant le soleil de tous cotés; on le remue souvent pour le faire sécher plus vite, ce qui dure environ trois semaines ou un mois, selon le temps. quand il est bien sec, on le pile dans un moulin pareil aux moulins à huile ce qui sépare de la graine son parchemin, on le vanne ensuite, puis on le trie et on le met en sacs. La seconde maniere qui abrège beaucoup la préparation consiste à passer le café aussitôt cueilli dans un moulin à grager. le café passe entre une lame de métal ou espece de couteau et un cilindre de bois entouré d’une grosse rape en cuivre pareille aux rapes à sucre; dans ce passage, la graine se débarrasse de sa pulpe visqueuse, elle tombe dans un bassin rempli d’eau où elle séjourne jusqu’à ce qu’elle ne soit plus enduite de viscosité, environ douze heures; on L’étend ensuite sur les glacis où elle sèche alors dans l’espace de trois ou quatre jours, ce qui est d’un immense avantage dans une grande exploitation. le café une fois sec, on continue La préparation comme dans la premiere maniere. La troisieme maniere, quand on n’a pas le moulin à grager, est de laisser tremper le café cueilli, dans de grands bassins remplis d’eau, on l’y laisse quelques jours, ce qui lui ôtant une partie seulement de la viscosité de la pulpe, n’avance aussi que de quelques jours L’opération du séchement. Le café gragé se pile aussi beaucoup plus vite que quand il est pilé avec sa pulpe séchée. il est vrai que, pour les gourmets, le café lavé, ne doit pas avoir le même arome que celui qui a été séché sans avoir pris d’humidité. Le café perd de la force en vieillissant. le meilleur est celui de 2 à 3 ans. la bonté du café en boisson dépend beaucoup de la maniere de le faire. Le café se recolte tous les ans. en 1790, cent milliers de café donnoient net soixante mille francs tournois. / 5 9bre 1775 .

      General note

      Inscription (from verso; translation): No. 13 a branch of Coffea, or coffee plant, with its leaf, its flowers, and its fruit, made at Cap-Haïtien 5 November 1775 Rabié Natural size. / No. 2 / A branch of coffea, with its leaf, and its fruit, (the coffee), in flower and mature, natural size. The fruit contains an oblong seed divided into two lobes, which, separated from the pulp and dried, are the coffee beans. The young trees often have, especially at the ends of the branches, fruits which contain only one oblong seed that is not divided. It is said that these whole seeds produce a better coffee; the two lobes of the seed each produce a coffee plant. The seed is surrounded by a soft pulp which is not used for anything, and under this pulp, from a film or husk, the seed is prepared in various ways. The first, which is the simplest, but also the longest, consists of spreading the coffee which has been picked when it is ripe, on large platforms covered in cement and getting the sun on all sides; it is stirred often to make it dry faster, which takes about three weeks or a month, depending on the weather. When it is thoroughly dried, it is crushed in a mill resembling oil mills, which separates the seed from its husk, it is then shaken, sorted and placed in bags. The second method, which greatly reduces the preparation, consists of passing the coffee through a pulping mill as soon as it has been picked. The coffee passes between a metal blade or a type of knife and a wooden cylinder surround by a large copper grater resembling sugar graters; in this process, the seed loses its viscous pulp, falls into a basin of water where it stays until it is no longer viscous, approximately 12 hours; it is then spread on the platforms where it dries in about two to three days, which is a huge advantage in a large operation. Once the coffee is dry, preparation continues as in the first method. The third method, when one does not have a pulping mill, is to leave the picked coffee to soak in large basins full of water, it is left for a few days, which removes only part of the viscosity of the pulp, and only speeds up the process of drying by a few days. The grated coffee also crushes much faster when it is crushed with its dried pulp. It is true that for gourmets, washed coffee must not have the same aroma as that which has been dried without having absorbed much humidity. Coffee loses strength as it ages. The best is that which is 2-3 years old. The quality of the coffee drink depends greatly on the method used to prepare it. Coffee is harvested every year. In 1790, 100 000 [pounds] of coffee returned 60 000 francs tournois. / 5 november 1775.

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      2

      De Rabié number

      13

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