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Lyman Spalding Foster was born on November 25, 1843, in Gloucester, Essex, Massachusetts.
He was an American ornithologist and publisher. He spent the greater part of his life in New York City as a stationer and dealer in natural history books. He was a treasurer of the Linnean Society and publisher of The Auk (1886-1900). Actively interested in ornithology, he contributed papers on birds to The Auk and other publications. His principal contribution to ornithology was a bibliography of the ornithological writings of George N. Lawrence (1806 -1895).
In 1872, he married Elima Stephanie Hallet (1838–1899). He died on January 6, 1904, in New York City, New York.