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Henry P. Carlton was a highly influential 19th-century educator in California. He served as the principal of the California State Normal School (which later evolved into San Jose State University) during the late 1860s and remained an active figure in the state's educational landscape into the 1870s and beyond. Originally from Massachusetts, he sailed to California during the Gold Rush era in 1853, serving as a grammar school principal and a deputy of public instruction in San Francisco.