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Orville Taylor Bailey was born on May 28, 1909, on a farm in Jewett, New York.
He was an American neuropathologist and educator. He entered Syracuse University at age 15 and graduated in 1928. He completed his medical studies at Albany Medical College (Union University) in 1932 and started training in pathology at the Peter Bent Brigham and Boston Children’s Hospitals in 1933. Bailey was appointed as an instructor in pathology at the Harvard Medical School and was elected a Junior Fellow in the elite Society of Fellows of Harvard University. In 1951, he left Boston and joined the University of Indiana as a Professor of Neuropathology, where he founded a Neuropathology Section and served for eight years. He then moved to Illinois Neuropsychiatric Institute in 1959 as a Professor in Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Neuropathology until he retired in 1977. Dr. Bailey was an active member of the American Association of Neuropathologists for 57 years, served as its president, and received its Distinguished Service Award in 1983. He also served on the editorial board of the Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology and the American Journal of Pathology.
He died unmarried on September 21, 1998, in Chicago, Illinois.