John George Kittson was born on August 16, 1844, in Saint Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota.

He was a physician. He studied medicine at McGill University (M.D., 1869). His thesis topic was Animal and Vegetable Nutrition. He served as Chief Surgeon at Fort Walsh, a North-West Mounted Police fort (NWMP), Saskatchewan, from 1876 until his retirement in 1882. He provided medical care to NWMP members, their families, nearby First Nations reserves, and early settlers. In 1882, he opened a private practice in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

He married Mary A. Stevens (1842-1882). He died on May 6, 1884, in Saint Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota.

Robert Henry Klock was born on January 9, 1824, in Hull, Outaouais Region, Quebec.

He was a lumberman in the Ottawa Valley. In the 1860s, together with his father and brothers, they established the Klock Lumber Company south of Mattawa, Ontario. The thriving area became known as the town of Klock’s Mill which existed until the Depression of the 1930s. In the 1950s, due to the construction of the Holden Dam, the village was flooded.

He married Sarah Ann Murphy (1829-1884). He died on March 31, 1891, in Aylmer, Outaouais Region, Quebec.

Robert Skakel Knight was born on May 27, 1841, in Quebec, Canada to Robert Knight (1811-c.1863), a Scottish missionary priest to Frampton, Quebec.

He was an author. In 1876, he became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. He resigned in 1895 when he moved to Lancaster, Glengarry County, Ontario. He published the book "Exercises in English Composition, With an Introductory Chapter on Analysis" (1876).

In 1871, he married Clara Beatrice Warner Schomberg (1834–1877), and circa 1880 he married Dorothea Elizabeth Wolters (1852- ). He died on May 16, 1900.

Frank Hall Knowlton was born on September 2, 1860, in Brandon, Vermont.

He was an American paleobotanist, ornithologist, and naturalist. He studied natural history at Middlebury College (B.Sc., 1884; M.Sc., 1887). He visited the U.S. National Museum in Washington in 1884, while preparing an exhibit for the World Cotton Centennial in New Orleans and met the paleobotanist Lester F. Ward. He later became his assistant on the Geology Survey and studied fossil wood in the lignites of the Potomac. He joined the U.S. Geological Survey as an assistant paleontologist in 1894 and was promoted to geologist in 1907. He was a professor at George Washington University (1887-1896) and curator of botany and fossil plants at the U.S. National Museum (1887-1889). He joined the Columbian College as a Professor of Botany and received a Ph.D. in 1896 and a D.Sc. in 1921. He founded and edited the journal The Plant World in 1897. Knowlton also authored many articles and books including "Birds of the World" (1909) and "Plants of the Past" (1927).

In 1887, he married Anne Stirling Morehead (1857–1890) and in 1894, he married Rena Genevieve Ruff (1873–1966). He died on November 22, 1926, in Ballston, Arlington, Virginia.

Adolf von Koenen (Könen) was born on March 21, 1837, in Potsdam, Germany.

He was a German geologist. He received his education in Berlin, and following study trips through Belgium, England, and France, he obtained his habilitation at the University of Marburg in 1867. In 1878, he became a full professor at Marburg, then relocated to the Georg-August University of Göttingen in 1881 as a Professor of Geology (1881-1907). He was the author of numerous publications in his field of study. His name is associated with koenenite, a mineral that he discovered, and Ctenosauriscus koeneni, a sail-backed reptile from the Early Triassic.

In 1867, he married Johanna Lavinia Konopacki. He died on May 5, 1915, in Göttingen, Germany.

George Frederick Kunz was born on September 29, 1856, in New York, New York.
He was a mineralogist and gem expert. He was raised in Hoboken, N.J., and attended public schools and Cooper Union but did not graduate. He taught himself mineralogy from books and field research. This expertise landed him a job with Tiffany & Co., and his knowledge and enthusiasm propelled him into a vice presidency at the age of 23, a position he held until his death. He was in charge of the mining exhibits at the Paris Exposition (1889), the Kimberley, South Africa, Exposition (1892), and the Chicago Columbian Exposition (1893) and was a special agent at the Paris Exposition (1900) and commissioner on radium at the St. Louis Exposition (1904). A gem collector and discoverer, he traveled the world in search of pearls and gemstones. Kunz became a resident member of the American Numismatic and Archeological Society in 1893 and was made a life member in 1913. He served as a link between the Society and Tiffany & Co. and played a role in the company’s production of Columbus medals for the Chicago exposition of 1893. Kunz was active in the Society’s efforts to improve U.S. coinage, proposing the adoption of the metric system. He was a member of the Mineralogical Society of America, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, New York Academy of Sciences, the New York Mineralogical Club, the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society, the American Chemical Society, the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, and many other cultural, scientific, and naturalist organizations. He wrote, “The Gems and Precious Stones of North America” (1890) and “The Curious Lore of Precious Stones” (1913). He discovered a new gem variety of the mineral spodumene which was named "Kunzite" in his honor.
In 1879, he married Sophia Hanforth (1855-1912) and in 1923, he married Opal Logan Van Zandt Giberson (1896–1967), but the marriage was annulled in 1929. He died on June 29, 1932, in New York, New York.

Isaac Pitman Noyes was born on April 13, 1840, in New York, New York, the son of Captain John Updyke (1807-1878) and Frances Scott (Updyke) Noyes (1812-1902).

He was a civil servant and author. In 1846, the family moved to Providence, Rhode Island. During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Noyes served as a private in Battery H of the 1st Rhode Island Artillery. He mustered out of service on June 28, 1865, and by 1870 was living in Washington, D.C. For many years, he worked as a clerk at the library office of the Surgeon General, but in 1870 he devoted more of his time to writing. Noyes wrote poems, pamphlets, and articles on various subjects including meteorology, theology, health, fine arts, architecture, drama, and his own reminiscences (“Blue-Boat Cruise of 1877”).

About 1870, he married Elizabeth Smith (1834-). He died on September 20, 1900 (or 1910), in Washington, D.C., USA.

Joseph Sylvester O'Halloran was born on March 28, 1842, in Adelaide, Australia, the son of Captain William Littlejohn O'Halloran (1806-1885) and Eliza Minton Smith (1810-1884).

He was a civil servant. He was educated at private schools and entered the South Australian Civil Service, receiving his first appointment at Governor Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell's office. After passing ten years in the Audit Office, he was promoted to the clerkship of the Executive Council. He also served as a gazetted Clerk to the Court of Appeals and a private secretary to the Right Hon. Sir James Fergusson, 6th Baronet, Governor of the colony. O'Halloran retired from the Government service in 1871 and moved to England, where he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and the Royal Colonial Institute. He travelled to New Zealand (1873) and the Cape of Good Hope (1877). In 1881, he was appointed assistant secretary and librarian of the Royal Colonial Institute, and in 1883, to the position of its secretary until 1909. He visited Canada in 1882 and 1884, attending the Montreal meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science as one of the secretaries to the Geographical Section. Before returning to England, he made an extended tour through Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. O'Halloran was a contributor to the Dictionary of National Biography (as J. S. O'H).

In 1886, he married Alice Mary Simpson (1853–1923). He died on January 25, 1920, in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England.

Herman or Hermann Ohm was born on April 5, 1854, in Copenhagen, Denmark. He worked for the U.S. Geological Service. He died on March 28, 1893, in Washington, D.C., USA.

Dr. William Silver Oliver was born on November 12, 1835, in Kilfinane, Limerick, Ireland.

He was a military surgeon. He studied in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and entered the Army as an Assistant Surgeon in 1857, serving mainly in India and Canada (Quebec and Nova Scotia). In 1873, he was promoted to Surgeon-Major and, in 1882, Brigade Surgeon. After serving with the 60th Rifles and witnessing the needs of infantry soldiers, he designed and patented the accoutrements worn by the Canadian military during the Boer War to redistribute the load to avoid back strain. He is remembered for describing Oliver's sign. He retired an Honorary Deputy Surgeon-General stationed at Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1883. In 1905, he moved to England, where he died after a long illness.

In 1872, he married Elizabeth Alice Galt (1849–1938). He died on April 27, 1908, in Farnborough, Hampshire, England.