Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry, was born on May 13, 1878, in London, England.

He was a British Conservative politician. He was educated at Eton College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He was commissioned into the Royal Horse Guards in 1897 but left the army in 1906, when, as Viscount Castlereagh, he was elected Conservative Member of Parliament for Maidstone. In 1915, he succeeded his father as 7th Marquess. He joined the Air Council in 1919 as part of the post-war Coalition government (1920–1921). He resigned from the position in 1921 to join the government of Northern Ireland as Minister of Education, a position he held until 1926. In 1923, he was appointed Chancellor of Queen’s University of Belfast, a position he maintained for the rest of his life. He also served as Chancellor of Durham University, England. Returning to England in 1931, Londonderry was appointed Secretary of State for Air with a seat in the Cabinet. He visited Germany several times in the 1930s in an attempt to reach an understanding with Nazi Germany. These unsuccessful diplomatic visits damaged his credibility at home and overshadowed his real achievement overseeing the design and promotion of the Hurricane and Spitfire fighters, which proved vital in the Battle of Britain. In 1935, he was removed from the Air Ministry but retained in the Cabinet as Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Lords.

In 1899, he married Hon. Edith Helen Chaplin (1879–1959). He died on February 10, 1949, in Mount Stewart, County Down, Northern Ireland.

In 1954, the London Junior Chamber of Commerce in association with the London Health Association organized a mass tuberculosis survey in London, Ontario with the technical assistance of the Ontario Department of Health Division of Tuberculosis Prevention. According to the digest, the object of the survey was "to interest the adult population of London in having a chest x-ray to detect early symptoms of tuberculosis". The survey was financed by the London Health Association through the sale of Christmas Seals.

A London X-Ray Survey Council comprised of eight executive members that were responsible for the organization and execution of the survey. According to the digest, a total of 48,440 x-rays were collected as a result of the survey. The majority of persons who were x-rayed were workers from industrial plants, and any institutions with 50 or more employees, as well as many high schools students from various districts and school boards. Publicity for the survey centered around the theme "Check Your Chest", which was widely published in local newspapers and broadcast on local radio and television.