Russell Lant Carpenter was born on December 17, 1816, in Exeter, Devon, England.

He was a Unitarian minister who carried on the works of his father, Dr. Lant Carpenter (1780-1840), an English educator and Unitarian minister. He was a brother of the social reformer Mary Carpenter (1807-1877). In 1842, he published his father's biography "Memoirs of the Life of Rev. Lant Carpenter, LL.D.".

In 1853, he married Mary Browne (1823–1898). He died of pneumonia on January 15, 1892, in Bridport, Dorset, England.

William Benjamin Carpenter was born on October 29, 1813, in Exeter, Devon, England, the eldest son of Dr. Lant Carpenter (1780-1840), an English educator and Unitarian minister. He was a brother of the social reformer Mary Carpenter (1807-1877).

He was an English physician, invertebrate zoologist, and physiologist. He attended lectures at Bristol Medical School and later studied at University College London (1834–1835). He received his MD from the University of Edinburgh in 1839. In 1871, he received an LL.D. also from the University of Edinburgh. His work in comparative neurology was recognized in 1844 by his election as a Fellow of the Royal Society. His appointment as Fullerian Professor of Physiology at the Royal Institution in 1845 enabled him to exhibit his powers as a teacher and lecturer. He worked hard as an investigator, author, editor, demonstrator, and lecturer throughout his life; but it was his researches in marine zoology, notably in the lower organisms, as Foraminifera and Crinoids, that were the most valuable. In 1868, he participated in the oceanographic survey with HMS Lightning and later the more famous Challenger Expedition. He was president of the Quekett Microscopical Club from 1883 to 1885 and was awarded the Royal Medal in 1861. His most famous work “The Use and Abuse of Alcoholic Liquors in Health and Disease” (1850) became one of the first temperance books to promote the fact that alcoholism is a disease. In 1856, he became Registrar of the University of London, the office he held for twenty-three years. He supported the education of women by teaching at the newly founded Bedford College, London (1849-1850). Carpenter identified as a rationalist and a Unitarian, criticizing the claims of paranormal phenomena, psychical research, and spiritualism.

In 1840, he married Louisa Ann Powell (1812–1887). He died on November 19, 1885, in London, England.

William Lant Carpenter was a professor of Mechanical Engineering, born in 1841 in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England. In 1868 he married Ann (Annie) Grace Viret and he divorced her in 1881 after 13 years of marriage. In the 1880s, he was the principal and lecturer at the School of Submarine Telegraphy and Electrical Engineering in London, England.
He died on December 23, 1890, from shot wounds in his bedroom at his home in London, England.

Charles Carpmael was born on September 19, 1846, in Streatham, Surrey, England.

He was a meteorologist and astronomer. He received his B.A. (1869) and his M.A. (1872) from Cambridge University. He worked as a civil engineer at Southampton Buildings, London. In 1870, he participated in the British sun eclipse expedition to Estepona, near Gibraltar. In 1872, he settled in Toronto, Ontario where he worked as an Assistant Director of the Meteorological Service of Canada (1872) and as its Director (1880-1894). Besides undertaking work in solar physics, including spectroscopy, he involved Canada in international scientific events. He developed the Canadian Weather Bureau and directed the development and extension of the Canadian storm-warning and weather-forecasting services. He served as a Vice-President of the mathematical, chemical, and physical section of the Royal Society of Canada (1882) and as its President in 1885. In 1890, he helped found the Astronomical and Physical Society of Toronto and as its President, he organized systematic magnetic observations to study earth currents.

In 1876, he married Julia McKenzie. He died on October 20, 1894, in Hastings, Sussex, England.

Lucien Carr was born on December 15, 1829, in Troy, Lincoln County, Missouri.

He was an American archeologist and author. He studied at St. Louis University, Missouri where he received his B.A. in 1846. In 1867, he moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts. He then turned to a brief career in journalism before moving to a rural area to become a gentleman farmer. In 1867, he moved back to Cambridge and began exploring mounds in Tennessee and the mid-South in 1871-1875. He developed an interest in the study of the Indians and of American archeology and was soon recognized as an expert in the field. He held the office of Assistant Curator at the Peabody Museum of American Archeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts from 1876 to 1894. He was an author of "Report on the Exploration of a Mound in Lee County, Virginia" (1877), “Mound of the Mississippi Valley” (1883), “Missouri, a Bone of Contention” (1888), and “On the Prehistoric Remains of Kentucky”, with Shaler (1904). He was a member of the Anthropological Society of Washington, the American Antiquarian Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

In 1854, he married Cornelia Louisa Crow (1833–1922). He died on June 27, 1915, in Cambridge, Middlesex County, Massachusetts.