The Sir William Osler Collection, distinct from the Bibliotheca, is an extensive archival holding of Osler's correspondence (including eighteen hundred original letters), daybooks, accounts, engagement books, legal documents, book invoices, membership certificates, notebooks, lectures, addresses, newspaper clippings, photographs, books with manuscript additions, and miscellaneous loose items formerly inserted into individual books in his library. The collection also contains various family papers, including correspondence of Lady Grace Revere Osler and Edward Revere Osler.

The fonds primarily reflects Pappius’s activities as a researcher at the Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (MNI/H): both her experimental research as such and various support activities, including academic publication, coordination of research projects with colleagues, and acquiring funding. It also contains much information about her leadership of the Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory. The fonds contains smaller amounts of documentation regarding her activities as a professor at McGill University, her administrative roles at the MNI/H, and her participation in professional organizations, which reflects the smaller place that those roles occupied in her professional life.

The period of time best documented in the fonds spans the early 1980s to Pappius’s retirement in 1995. Correspondence with colleagues, mostly though not exclusively work-related, contains relatively more material from Pappius’s early career; although, here too, most of the material dates from the 1980s and after.

The main document types in the fonds related to Pappius’s research activities are experiment worksheets and printed tabular research data. Many of the research-related files contain negatives of autoradiographies, with a smaller number of photographic prints. Correspondence can be found in many series besides series F (Correspondence), as much of Pappius’s work was collaborative in nature.

The fonds is divided into eight series: (A) Research, (B) Academic events, (C) Teaching, (D) Administrative activities, (E) Professional organizations, (F) Correspondence, (G) Personal collections, and (H) Visual documents.

Fonds contains diplomas, certificates from medical associations, and photographs relating to Robert Palmer Howard and Alan Campbell Palmer Howard.

Fonds consists of a manuscript translation by Dr. Gruner of volume II of the Canon of Medicine of Avicenna dated 1957 and vocabulary indexes of Arabic names of Materia Medica, Latin-English names, Latin-Arabic equivalents, native names and others. These vocabularies were done in 1929-1930. It also contains three volumes of Dr. Gruner's research on cancer. This work was done through the Archibald Cancer Research Fund, from 1932 to 1946. In volume III, a printed address "A Vagabond Cruise Round Cancer" (1950) is inserted in the cover.

The Penfield fonds consists of over eighty metres of Penfield's personal and professional records dating from his childhood up until his death in 1976, including during his career at the Montreal Neurological Institute. The materials in the fonds include photographs, correspondence, manuscripts and drafts of publications and speeches, research notes, glass slides, bound reports, films, and academic gowns.

Fonds contains the manuscript of Dr. William Rees on the treatment of malaria, a lecture given before the Natural History Society of Montreal in the 1860s

Fonds consists of correspondence with the pediatrician Dr. Alton Goldbloom of Montreal. It gives a picture of pediatrics and parental concerns at the time. The fonds contains 30 letters.

Fonds contains the final manuscript of Paediatrics in Canada, a text on the 6th Field Ambulance, C.E.F. by Graham Ross and a review of three cases of hyper-vitaminosis syndrome, with four X-rays from the Department of Pathology of the Royal Victoria Hospital.